The Conflicts Between Intellectual Property Protections when a Character Enters the Public Domain

Intellectual property and public health.

It is appropriate that this issue of the Bulletin coincides with the report of the WHO Commission on Intellectual Property and Innovation in Health (CIPIH).1 Developing health technolog gies for the world’s poor people increasg ingly requires the wise management of intellectual property (IP), and the papers in this issue all treat IP as a strategic asset. Vaccines, DNA patenting, and the innova...

Property and the Public Domain

the investigation of the relationship between type a and type b personalities and quality of translation

چکیده ندارد.

When Should We Use Intellectual Property Rights?

The economic analysis of property rights proceeds in two steps. The Ž rst distinguishes rival from nonrival goods. The second contrasts the welfare effects of property rights for these two types of goods. For rival goods, strong property rights lead to efŽ cient outcomes. For nonrival goods, property rights involve the trade-off formalized by William Nordhaus (1969): Weak property rights lead t...

Keyless Public Watermarking for Intellectual Property Authentication

A constraint-based watermarking technique has been introduced for the protection of intellectual properties such as hardware, software, algorithms, and solutions to hard problems. It provides desirable proof of authorship without rendering the intellectual properties useless. However, it makes the watermark detection, which is as important as watermarking, a NP-hard problem. We propose a keyles...